RESUMO
Two ideas precede the modern Precautionary Principle. First, that prevention is better than cure, exemplified by an aphorism in an early 13th century book of Jewish aphorisms, the Sefer Hasidim: "Who is a skilled physician? He who can prevent sickness." Secondly, Thomas Sydenham's 17th century assertion that in healthcare it is important above all not to do harm, "primum est ut non nocere." These two ideas come together in the Vorsorgeprinzip, which was incorporated into German legislation for maintaining clean air in the 1960s and 1970s, and first appeared in English-language documents in 1982, which referred to taking a precautionary approach or precautionary measures, or more formally as the Precautionary Principle. The principle features in international documents such as the Rio Declaration and in many pieces of EU legislation relating to topics as diverse as genetically modified organisms, food safety, the safety of toys, and invasion of alien species of animals, plants, fungi, or microorganisms.
Assuntos
Aforismos e Provérbios como Assunto/história , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História Antiga , História Medieval , HumanosRESUMO
We provide an example of representation of thyroid swelling in the artwork of Ulrich Boner's Der Edelstein Codices Palatini Germanici 794.
Assuntos
Livros Ilustrados , Bócio/patologia , Medicina na Literatura , Aforismos e Provérbios como Assunto/história , Livros Ilustrados/história , Alemanha , Bócio/história , História Medieval , Humanos , Masculino , Medicina na Literatura/história , Medicina nas Artes/história , Glândula Tireoide/patologiaRESUMO
How was medicine-taught and studied in the early modern period? How did teachers and students relate to the tradition of medical texts? Historians have addressed these questions mainly through research on printed sources. This article uses student notes as a window on medical training in action in Montpellier. The student was Franqois Boissier de Sauvages; the teacher, Jacques Lazerme. The notes record Lazerme lecturing in the form of commentary on the first 14 Hippocratic Aphorisms and setting quite different emphases from those of earlier commentators: professional ethics and how to handle a case (on aphorism 1), moderation in. bloodletting (on 2), disease classification (on 4-6), similarity of symptoms among different diseases (on 7), treating fever (on 8-io), periodicity of disease (on ii), weather and disease (on iz), "calor innatus" and oscillations in the circulation of the blood, with reference to Isaac Newton (on 14). These commentaries allow a fresh look at medical training between theory and practice.
